ReasonsUnfortunately, modern medical science has not yet been able to fully solve all the probable causes of hypertension, but most of them are known for doctors. To identify which factor has led to the development of the disease, only an experienced specialist who, in the diagnostic process, uses not only his knowledge, but also the results of many studies confirming or refuting the presence of hypertension signs in a person.The main reason for the growth in blood pressure is a violation of the activity of the sympathetic-surrealine system of a person, that is to say the constant irritation of the center responsible for the narrowing of the vessels in the brain.This can happen under the influence of many exos, as well as endogenous factors that contribute to a sudden cramp of blood vessels.Symptoms of hypertension may appear in people with exogenous factors thus placed in the risk of developing a pathological state:frequent stress and severe nervous tension;bad nutrition;sedentary lifestyle;Irregular working day, work on a quarter night;Regular consumption in large quantities of high alcohol and smoking;Drugs;Intensive sports.Among the endogenous factors, age and poor inheritance come in the foreground when the disease can pass from parents to a child. In addition, the development of hypertension contributes to:Vascular lesions atherosclerosis;obesity;Metabolic diseases, in particular, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism;Kidney disease;increased levels of calcium and sodium in the blood;Hormonal changes, which are the most common cause of high pressure in women during pregnancy and menopause.ClassificationCurrently, there is more than one classification of hypertension. The disease is generally distinguished by the nature of the course, the presence of complications, development reasons, pressure indicators and much more. Modern cardiologists distinguish several degrees of hypertension (according to high pressure indicators):1 degree-pressure is 159-140 / 99-90 mm Hg. Art. ;2 degrees on the arrows of a mechanical tone, an indicator 179-160 / 109-100 mm RT is diagnosed. Art. ;3 degrees - persistent or periodic increase in pressure greater than 180/110 mm Hg. Art.According to the generally accepted classification of whom, there are such steps in the disease:1st increase in stadium transient pressure without damaging the target organs;2 steps - the presence of signs of damage to internal organs, among which the main target is the heart, blood vessels, eye structures, brain and kidney;Step 3 - A stable increase in blood pressure in the context of the development of complications, manifestations that a person can die. Hypertensive disease has its own types of currents, including:A benign type or a slow GB variant, when the symptoms of pathology develop very slowly, for decades, and the risk of complications is evaluated at least;A malignant disease, in which net pressure, lesions of the target organs and frequent hypertonic crises are recorded (this version of the disease is difficult to lend itself to medication).SymptomsThe disease at the initial stages of its development takes place almost asymptomatic, which complicates its early detection. In these patients, increased pressure may be found by accident during a physical examination or during the usual admission to the clinic.
A more complex type of hypertension characterizes a certain number of features which considerably worsen the quality of life of a person and are the reason for his call to specialists. The main symptom of the disease is an increase in blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg. Art. This condition causes the development of headaches, which are the result of the reflex narrowing of the brain's vessels. As a rule, people subject to hypertension complain about the appearance of pain in the neck and temples, which pulses, which is distinguished by their gravity and their sudden development. These pains and pulsations do not pass after taking analgesic agents. Often, hypertension feels stunning solo, which can occur after having done a simple job. The symptom is often accompanied by nausea and vomiting, as well as general discomfort due to an increase in intracranial pressure. The narrowing of the ships of the auditory apparatus causes noise in the ears when it seems to a person that his ears are very laid, and he practically loses his ability to normally perceive environmental sounds.The violation of the coronary blood circulation leads to the development of myocardial ischemia. These patients have shortness of breath and cloth pains that are good for correction with nitrates. The organ at that time operates in an improved mode to be able to push the batch of blood into narrowed trunk containers. Each angina attack of chest accompanies a rapid impulse, a pronounced heart rate and a risk that such a formidable complication of a pathological state presents itself as a myocardial infarction. With hypertension, altered eyes of the eyes with a strong deterioration of vision and the development of hypertension angiopathy of the vessels of the retina are determined. The bottom of the eyes is also involved in the pathological process, which swells and squeezes the visual nerve. At that time, a person noted "goosebumps" before his eyes, the darkened circles and others.A complication of high pressure symptoms in women most often occurs during menopause when menopause occurs. During this period, hormonal restructuring occurs in the body of the lower sex representative with a violation of the production of biologically active substances which control the normal pressure level. This is why hypertension is the most common consequence of menopause in women.ComplicationsGB refers to the number of insidious diseases that progress slowly and are very often diagnosed at the stage of the appearance of the first complications of the pathological process. With a constant increase in blood pressure in the target organs, dystrophic and sclerotic changes take place, leading to coarse functionality disorders. First of all, the kidneys, the brain, the heart, the visual analyzer and the blood vessels suffer from high blood pressure.
There are several risk factors which affect the rate of development of complications with hypertension and the degree of severity:Bad habits, especially smoking;a sedentary lifestyle and an increased body mass index;Increase in cholesterol in blood and hyperglycemia;frequent constraints;a potassium and magnesium deficiency in the body;age -related changes;Hereditary predisposition.With a hypertensive disease, the heart is forced to work in high load conditions, which is associated with the need to push blood into shrinking vessels. Over time, the myocardial wall thickens and in a person, there is a hypertrophy of the left ventricle and the famine of oxygen of the heart muscle.On the heart side, several types of hypertension complications are distinguished:ischemic disease;chest pectoralis;atherosclerosis of coronary vessels;acute form of heart failure in the form of myocardial infarction;Chronic heart failure.A high level of blood pressure causes the appearance of brain disorders in a person who, in practice, manifests itself by severe dizziness, headache, ears, a reduction in memory and more. There are several options for complex brain complications of hypertension:encephalopathy with vestibular disorders; Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke;Cognitive disorders of brain activity.As you know, the kidneys control the amount of water and salt in the body. But with an increase in blood pressure, they can fully do their main job. This contributes to the emergence of a certain number of complications, including:Renal failure;violation of the filtering and liquid release function;nephrosclerosis.These disorders lead to the development of a number of symptoms in hypertension, which indicate a pathology of the kidneys. A sick person is starting to complain about general weakness, discomfort, emergence, unreasonable nausea.Eye defeat is manifested by the occurrence of hemorrhages in the retina, edema of the optical disc and progressive vision loss. On the part of the peripheral vessels with high blood pressure, the most formidable complication is the stratification of their wall, in particular, the known aortic aneurysm, which forms and takes place asymptomatic, often causing a sudden deadly result. DiagnosisThe diagnosis of GB with the establishment of the stage and the degree of development of the disease are an important step towards the appointment of adequate treatment of the pathological condition. This is why, when the first signs indicate a hypertensive disease, you must immediately contact a medical institution to discover the causes of increased pressure and correction methods.
A complex of diagnostic measures in the event of suspicion of hypertension includes a certain number of laboratory studies and instruments, in particular:Laboratory blood test which allows you to determine the level of potassium and magnesium, creatinine, harmful cholesterol, glucose and similar;Biochemical examination of urine with the determination of the amount of protein;Electrocardiography (ECG);Ultrasound examination of the heart;Doppler flower;Inspection of the bottom of the eyes.The diagnostic procedure for hypertension, which makes it possible to determine the degree of disorders, consists of two steps:The first step is the determination of clinical manifestations of the disease from the words of hypertension and obtaining additional studies of studies;The second step is a special study which allows you to determine the exact degree of the disease and the presence of its complications in the patient using magnetic resonance therapy (MRI) or an X -ray exam.Daily monitoring of blood pressure allows a precise table of the disease's price. Thanks to this, you can define the pressure fluctuations range throughout the day and determine its average indicator, which will characterize the degree of hypertension. The main drawback of such a study is its high cost.TreatmentThe treatment of hypertension exacerbations should occur in a cardiological hospital, where there is the possibility of constant control over the level of blood pressure. In addition, if necessary, the doctor can modify the patient's therapy plan and prescribe more effective drugs in each specific clinical case.They are starting to treat the disease with the appointment of a special diet, which strictly limits table salt, fatty dishes and fries, as well as smoked offal and meats, flour products. Hypertensive nutrition aims to improve the general condition, preventing the development of edema, weight normalization and similar.According to new European recommendations, the treatment of the GB must be complete and must include a certain number of drugs, the effect of which aims to reduce blood pressure and eliminate the risks of transformation of the disease into a malignant version of its course or the development of complications of the pathological state. Among the groups of drugs most used for hypertension must be distinguished:alpha-blockers;Gangloblocators;ACE inhibitors; beta-blockers;calcium channel blockers;Diuretics.The doctor pays particular attention to the appointment of diuretics. The fact is that not all diuretics are sure for the body of hypertension due to its washing potassium properties. This is why the use of such drugs should be combined with the use of potassium preparations under the control of the biochemical composition of blood. In addition, diuretics not only reduce pressure, but also eliminate tissue edema by excreting excess sodium.It is strictly prohibited to treat hypertension independently.It is also not recommended to use hypotensive drugs in traditional medicine without coordinating such use with the attending physician. The prohibited action, as the main contraindication, can cause an urgent hypertensive crisis and the need for the immediate room of the patient in a specialized hospital to clarify the causes of complications and solve the problem of additional tactics of their elimination. 
PreventionFor the prevention of hypertension, it is necessary to undergo a set of measures aimed at detection and the timely elimination of the risks of development of a pathological state, as well as the stabilization of the already increased pressure. In order to prevent the occurrence of the first signs of the disease, a person should normalize their lifestyle, abandon bad habits and salt consumption, increase their physical activity and also lose weight. Particular attention should be paid to potential patients in whom the risk of developing hypertension is hereditary. This category of people must always be at hand to measure the pressure, with which they can monitor their condition.The occurrence of blood pressure disorders can be warned if:Conduct an active lifestyle (medical physical education, fitness, massage, fresh air, skiing, swimming in the pool) and regularly train at the gymnasium;abandon harmful food, smoke and not drink alcohol;Reduce the use of salt to 3 to 4 g per day;Prohibit eating food with a high content of animal fats, preservatives, cholesterol;observe a clear daily routine and practice a complete sleep;prevent the appearance of excess fat deposits, which causes obesity;prevent stressful situations;Regularly undergo a preventive examination by a cardiologist and take the necessary tests;When the first signs of increasing pressure appear, consult a doctor immediately.People to which the trend in hypertension has been inherited must be attentive to their state of health, practice sports and examine regularly. GB's finished diagnosis implies observation of the patient dispensary and, if necessary, send them to the Commission to establish a handicap.
The main reason for the growth in blood pressure is a violation of the activity of the sympathetic-surrealine system of a person, that is to say the constant irritation of the center responsible for the narrowing of the vessels in the brain. This can happen under the influence of many exos, as well as endogenous factors that contribute to a sudden cramp of blood vessels. Symptoms of hypertension may appear in people with exogenous factors thus placed in the risk of developing a pathological state: frequent stress and severe nervous tension; bad nutrition; sedentary lifestyle; Irregular working day, work on a quarter night; Regular consumption in large quantities of high alcohol and smoking; Drugs; Intensive sports. Among the endogenous factors, age and poor inheritance come in the foreground when the disease can pass from parents to a child. In addition, the development of hypertension contributes to: Vascular lesions atherosclerosis; obesity; Metabolic diseases, in particular, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism; Kidney disease; increased levels of calcium and sodium in the blood; Hormonal changes, which are the most common cause of high pressure in women during pregnancy and menopause. Classification
Currently, there is more than one classification of hypertension. The disease is generally distinguished by the nature of the course, the presence of complications, development reasons, pressure indicators and much more. Modern cardiologists distinguish several degrees of hypertension (according to high pressure indicators): 1 degree-pressure is 159-140 / 99-90 mm Hg. Art. ; 2 degrees on the arrows of a mechanical tone, an indicator 179-160 / 109-100 mm RT is diagnosed. Art. ; 3 degrees - persistent or periodic increase in pressure greater than 180/110 mm Hg. Art. According to the generally accepted classification of whom, there are such steps in the disease: 1st increase in stadium transient pressure without damaging the target organs; 2 steps - the presence of signs of damage to internal organs, among which the main target is the heart, blood vessels, eye structures, brain and kidney; Step 3 - A stable increase in blood pressure in the context of the development of complications, manifestations that a person can die. Hypertensive disease has its own types of currents, including: A benign type or a slow GB variant, when the symptoms of pathology develop very slowly, for decades, and the risk of complications is evaluated at least; A malignant disease, in which net pressure, lesions of the target organs and frequent hypertonic crises are recorded (this version of the disease is difficult to lend itself to medication). Symptoms
The disease at the initial stages of its development takes place almost asymptomatic, which complicates its early detection. In these patients, increased pressure may be found by accident during a physical examination or during the usual admission to the clinic. A more complex type of hypertension characterizes a certain number of features which considerably worsen the quality of life of a person and are the reason for his call to specialists. The main symptom of the disease is an increase in blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg. Art. This condition causes the development of headaches, which are the result of the reflex narrowing of the brain's vessels. As a rule, people subject to hypertension complain about the appearance of pain in the neck and temples, which pulses, which is distinguished by their gravity and their sudden development. These pains and pulsations do not pass after taking analgesic agents. Often, hypertension feels stunning solo, which can occur after having done a simple job. The symptom is often accompanied by nausea and vomiting, as well as general discomfort due to an increase in intracranial pressure. The narrowing of the ships of the auditory apparatus causes noise in the ears when it seems to a person that his ears are very laid, and he practically loses his ability to normally perceive environmental sounds. The violation of the coronary blood circulation leads to the development of myocardial ischemia. These patients have shortness of breath and cloth pains that are good for correction with nitrates. The organ at that time operates in an improved mode to be able to push the batch of blood into narrowed trunk containers. Each angina attack of chest accompanies a rapid impulse, a pronounced heart rate and a risk that such a formidable complication of a pathological state presents itself as a myocardial infarction. With hypertension, altered eyes of the eyes with a strong deterioration of vision and the development of hypertension angiopathy of the vessels of the retina are determined. The bottom of the eyes is also involved in the pathological process, which swells and squeezes the visual nerve. At that time, a person noted "goosebumps" before his eyes, the darkened circles and others. A complication of high pressure symptoms in women most often occurs during menopause when menopause occurs. During this period, hormonal restructuring occurs in the body of the lower sex representative with a violation of the production of biologically active substances which control the normal pressure level. This is why hypertension is the most common consequence of menopause in women. Complications
GB refers to the number of insidious diseases that progress slowly and are very often diagnosed at the stage of the appearance of the first complications of the pathological process. With a constant increase in blood pressure in the target organs, dystrophic and sclerotic changes take place, leading to coarse functionality disorders. First of all, the kidneys, the brain, the heart, the visual analyzer and the blood vessels suffer from high blood pressure. There are several risk factors which affect the rate of development of complications with hypertension and the degree of severity: Bad habits, especially smoking; a sedentary lifestyle and an increased body mass index; Increase in cholesterol in blood and hyperglycemia; frequent constraints; a potassium and magnesium deficiency in the body; age -related changes; Hereditary predisposition. With a hypertensive disease, the heart is forced to work in high load conditions, which is associated with the need to push blood into shrinking vessels. Over time, the myocardial wall thickens and in a person, there is a hypertrophy of the left ventricle and the famine of oxygen of the heart muscle. On the heart side, several types of hypertension complications are distinguished: ischemic disease; chest pectoralis; atherosclerosis of coronary vessels; acute form of heart failure in the form of myocardial infarction; Chronic heart failure. A high level of blood pressure causes the appearance of brain disorders in a person who, in practice, manifests itself by severe dizziness, headache, ears, a reduction in memory and more. There are several options for complex brain complications of hypertension: encephalopathy with vestibular disorders; Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke; Cognitive disorders of brain activity. As you know, the kidneys control the amount of water and salt in the body. But with an increase in blood pressure, they can fully do their main job. This contributes to the emergence of a certain number of complications, including: Renal failure; violation of the filtering and liquid release function; nephrosclerosis. These disorders lead to the development of a number of symptoms in hypertension, which indicate a pathology of the kidneys. A sick person is starting to complain about general weakness, discomfort, emergence, unreasonable nausea. Eye defeat is manifested by the occurrence of hemorrhages in the retina, edema of the optical disc and progressive vision loss. On the part of the peripheral vessels with high blood pressure, the most formidable complication is the stratification of their wall, in particular, the known aortic aneurysm, which forms and takes place asymptomatic, often causing a sudden deadly result. Diagnosis
The diagnosis of GB with the establishment of the stage and the degree of development of the disease are an important step towards the appointment of adequate treatment of the pathological condition. This is why, when the first signs indicate a hypertensive disease, you must immediately contact a medical institution to discover the causes of increased pressure and correction methods. A complex of diagnostic measures in the event of suspicion of hypertension includes a certain number of laboratory studies and instruments, in particular: Laboratory blood test which allows you to determine the level of potassium and magnesium, creatinine, harmful cholesterol, glucose and similar; Biochemical examination of urine with the determination of the amount of protein; Electrocardiography (ECG); Ultrasound examination of the heart; Doppler flower; Inspection of the bottom of the eyes. The diagnostic procedure for hypertension, which makes it possible to determine the degree of disorders, consists of two steps: The first step is the determination of clinical manifestations of the disease from the words of hypertension and obtaining additional studies of studies; The second step is a special study which allows you to determine the exact degree of the disease and the presence of its complications in the patient using magnetic resonance therapy (MRI) or an X -ray exam. Daily monitoring of blood pressure allows a precise table of the disease's price. Thanks to this, you can define the pressure fluctuations range throughout the day and determine its average indicator, which will characterize the degree of hypertension. The main drawback of such a study is its high cost. Treatment
The treatment of hypertension exacerbations should occur in a cardiological hospital, where there is the possibility of constant control over the level of blood pressure. In addition, if necessary, the doctor can modify the patient's therapy plan and prescribe more effective drugs in each specific clinical case. They are starting to treat the disease with the appointment of a special diet, which strictly limits table salt, fatty dishes and fries, as well as smoked offal and meats, flour products. Hypertensive nutrition aims to improve the general condition, preventing the development of edema, weight normalization and similar. According to new European recommendations, the treatment of the GB must be complete and must include a certain number of drugs, the effect of which aims to reduce blood pressure and eliminate the risks of transformation of the disease into a malignant version of its course or the development of complications of the pathological state. Among the groups of drugs most used for hypertension must be distinguished: alpha-blockers; Gangloblocators; ACE inhibitors; beta-blockers; calcium channel blockers; Diuretics. The doctor pays particular attention to the appointment of diuretics. The fact is that not all diuretics are sure for the body of hypertension due to its washing potassium properties. This is why the use of such drugs should be combined with the use of potassium preparations under the control of the biochemical composition of blood. In addition, diuretics not only reduce pressure, but also eliminate tissue edema by excreting excess sodium. It is strictly prohibited to treat hypertension independently. It is also not recommended to use hypotensive drugs in traditional medicine without coordinating such use with the attending physician. The prohibited action, as the main contraindication, can cause an urgent hypertensive crisis and the need for the immediate room of the patient in a specialized hospital to clarify the causes of complications and solve the problem of additional tactics of their elimination. Prevention
For the prevention of hypertension, it is necessary to undergo a set of measures aimed at detection and the timely elimination of the risks of development of a pathological state, as well as the stabilization of the already increased pressure. In order to prevent the occurrence of the first signs of the disease, a person should normalize their lifestyle, abandon bad habits and salt consumption, increase their physical activity and also lose weight. Particular attention should be paid to potential patients in whom the risk of developing hypertension is hereditary. This category of people must always be at hand to measure the pressure, with which they can monitor their condition. The occurrence of blood pressure disorders can be warned if: Conduct an active lifestyle (medical physical education, fitness, massage, fresh air, skiing, swimming in the pool) and regularly train at the gymnasium; abandon harmful food, smoke and not drink alcohol; Reduce the use of salt to 3 to 4 g per day; Prohibit eating food with a high content of animal fats, preservatives, cholesterol; observe a clear daily routine and practice a complete sleep; prevent the appearance of excess fat deposits, which causes obesity; prevent stressful situations; Regularly undergo a preventive examination by a cardiologist and take the necessary tests; When the first signs of increasing pressure appear, consult a doctor immediately. People to which the trend in hypertension has been inherited must be attentive to their state of health, practice sports and examine regularly. GB's finished diagnosis implies observation of the patient dispensary and, if necessary, send them to the Commission to establish a handicap.